What it is VA Form 28-1900, "Application for Veteran Readiness and Employment for Claimants with Service-Connected Disabilities." This is the Chapter 31 application. The program was renamed from Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment to Veteran Readiness and Employment (VR&E) in 2020 — same Chapter 31, same benefits, new name.
When you use it File this if you have a service-connected disability and need help getting or keeping a job, or training for a new career. Basic entitlement under 38 CFR 21.40 requires either a 20% or higher combined rating with an employment handicap, OR a 10% rating with a serious employment handicap. Active-duty service members within six months of separation can also apply. You pick one of five tracks with your counselor: reemployment with your prior employer, rapid access to employment, self-employment, employment through long-term services (training/degree), or independent living if employment is not currently feasible.
What to gather before you file DD-214 (or expected separation date if still in), your VA rating decision letter, current contact info, and a short description of how your conditions limit the work you can do. Have your education history and any prior civilian work ready — your counselor will ask.
How to submit Apply online at VA.gov/careers-employment/vocational-rehabilitation, mail the PDF to the Janesville intake center listed on the form, or hand-carry to any VA regional office. Online is fastest and routes you to a counselor for the required orientation and evaluation appointment.
Common pitfalls Missing the 12-year delimiting date. Under 38 CFR 21.42, your basic period of eligibility ends 12 years after the later of discharge or first notification of a service-connected rating — apply early or request an extension with documented serious employment handicap. Confusing VR&E with the GI Bill: VR&E is counselor-driven and employment-focused, not a tuition entitlement you self-direct. Skipping the orientation appointment after applying — no orientation, no entitlement determination. Assuming a 0% rating qualifies: it does not.
Related forms VA Form 28-8832 (education/vocational counseling, Chapter 36, for dependents or vets who do not yet qualify for Chapter 31). VA Form 22-1990 if you decide the Post-9/11 GI Bill fits better.
Sources https://www.va.gov/find-forms/about-form-28-1900/ ; 38 CFR 21.40 (basic entitlement) and 38 CFR 21.42 (12-year basic period of eligibility) at https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/38/21.40